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Philosophical quotes
Philosophical questions:
Øyvind Olsholt and Brigid McCauley
Sist oppdatert: 6. januar 2004
1. "All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy.
No man does. That is his."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Is it true to say that no man becomes like his mother? If
so, does this mean that all men become like their fathers? Or,
if it is not true, why do you think Wilde said this?
- According to Wilde it was a tragedy that no man became like
his mother. What do you think he meant by this? Did he perhaps
mean that if men did become like their mothers, they would be
more caring and loving?
- Is it true that all women become like their mothers? Do you
know girls/women who seem very different from their mothers?
If so, does this prove that Wilde is wrong? On the
other hand, do you know girls/women who seem to be very much
like their mothers? If so, does this prove that Wilde is right?
- If a child grows up without parents, would this child
still become like it's biological mother or father? If a child
grows up with both parents, is it possible for him or her to
grow up to be very different from both his or her mother and
father?
2. "The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It
is never of any use to oneself."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- What is "good advice"?
– Useful information (useful for doing what?)?
– Something that sounds like a jolly good idea?
– Directions on how to avoid pain and achieve happiness?
– Words that make you stop and think?
– Information that tells you what to do, and
why and when to do it?
– Other?
- Which of the following sentences would you say offer good
advice:
– Always tell the truth to everyone.
– Whatever you do, do not criticise people.
– Do your homework as soon as you can.
– Always do as your mother and father say.
– Never kiss a boy/girl if you are not in love with him/her.
– If you take this pill, you will have a great night.
– If you want to be accepted at school, you should make
friends with...
- How do you react when people tell you what to do? Are you
glad, because then you do not have to make any decisions yourself,
or are you a bit angry, because you want to decide for yourself?
- Which is most important: to know what is right, or
to do what is right? Socrates said: "He who knows
what is right, will also do the right thing". Do you agree?
Can you act right even if you do not know what is
right? Does anyone really know what is right?
3. "One should either be a work of art, or wear a work of art."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- What does it mean to be a work of art?
– To be different or unique?
– To look like a sculpture or painting?
– To talk like a book?
– To not talk at all?
– To be seen and admired by many people?
– To be totally artificial
in your manners?
– To live as if your life was eternal?
Think about pop stars like Robbie Williams or Britney Spears.
Are they greater works of art than you are? Why, or why not?
What about your teacher, is he/she a work of art?
- When Wilde said that one should "wear a work of art",
what did he mean? What kind of clothes are works of art? Only
ones that are expensive or exclusive? Do you think Wilde believed
that more traditional works of art such as paintings, sculptures,
literature or music, were worthless because you cannot wear
them?
4. "Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember
from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- What is really worth knowing? Try to grade the following types
of knowledge from the least to the most important, then discuss
the outcome:
– Knowing how to repair a bicycle?
– Knowing how to respond when someone praises you so much
that you become embarrassed?
– Knowing what happened in France in 1789?
– Knowing the names of every capital city in the world?
– Knowing the sum of 2636 + 456 + 3999 + 123?
– Knowing how to be a good and fair person?
– Knowing how to locate exciting pages on the Internet?
– Knowing how to make people laugh?
– Knowing how to swim?
– Knowing how to play a musical instrument?
Would you say that some of the above types of knowledge and
skills are worth knowing? If so, which ones? Can they also be
taught? If they can, what do you think Wilde meant by "Nothing
that is worth knowing can be taught"?
5. "Few parents nowadays pay any regard to what their children
say to them. The old-fashioned respect for the young is fast dying
out."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- A popular phrase in Victorian England was: "Children
should be seen and not heard". Knowing this, it was more
likely that a typical Victorian person would have said: "Few
children nowadays pay any regard to what their parents
say to them. The old-fashioned respect for the old
is fast dying out." Why do you think Wilde turned this
sentence on its head?
- Most people find this statement amusing. Why do you think
that is? Do you think that adults are better at listening and
respecting young people today than in Victorian times? Or is
Oscar Wilde's observation just as humorous today as it was over
one hundred years ago?
- Do you think adults should always listen to children? Why,
or why not? Do you think adults should always respect the young?
Why? What do you think Wilde thought about this? How do you
think a typical Victorian adult would have reacted to Wilde's
observation? After reading about what kind of person Oscar Wilde
was, how do you think he wanted people to react?
6. "One's real life is so often the life that one does not lead."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Can you describe the life you lead? Do you for instance have
certain principles or standards guiding all your actions? Or
do you take life just as it comes, from one situation to the
next, or from day to day? If you have no principles or standards
in life, does this make your life less real or less meaningful?
Or does it make it more real and meaningful?
- What kind of "real life" that we "do not lead"
is Wilde talking about? Is he referring to a kind of life that
we only think, speak or dream about, a life that we would
like to lead, but do not dare to realise? Why is it often
so hard to act the way we feel? Why do we so often do things
that we do not really want to do? Is our sense
of duty towards other people stronger than our wish to do
whatever we like?
7. "The public is wonderfully tolerant. It forgives everything
except genius."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Does the public forgive more easily than individuals (that
make up the public)? Suppose you are attacked by a man who hits
you in the face and runs away with your wallet. Can you easily
forgive him? Now suppose you read about an incident like this
in the newspaper. Can you then easily forgive the man? Or is
there nothing to forgive when you are not personally injured?
- The public forgives everything except genius. But what is
genius? Is it something that everyone possesses, or is it something
that only a few people are endowed with? What are the qualities
of genius? Can you think of some actions or events that could
only originate from a genius?
8. "(On mistakes): Life would be dull without them."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- What is a mistake? Sometimes we do wrong things without realising
it, sometimes we do wrong things knowing exactly what we are
doing, sometimes we do the right thing, but not at the right
time, sometimes we mean
to do the right thing, but end up doing the wrong thing,
sometimes we want to do something that we know is wrong, but
cannot go through with it etc. So, what is a mistake and what
is not? Maybe the examples below can help you decide:
– In your luggage you carry drugs that some criminal planted
there without your knowledge; a mistake?
– You pour a glass of milk over someone you do not like
and get
away with it; a mistake?
– You pour a glass of milk over someone you do not like,
and then you get beaten up; is it a mistake now?
– The moment after your friend discovers that he has failed
his exams, you tell him that some people he trusted have been
talking about him behind his back for a long time; a mistake?
– You want to tell your friend that you are sorry for
what you said, but when you speak, it sounds as if you are blaming
him for what happened; a mistake?
– You have done something that you know is wrong, and
feel you should "punish" yourself in some way. Instead,
you treat yourself to something you like (a cake, some sweets,
a new CD); a mistake?
- Try to explain the difference in meaning between a "mistake",
a "crime" and an "act of evil". What are
the positive opposites to these three notions? (Suggestion
for discussion: a "white lie", a "mandatory
act", an "act
of mercy"?)
- If life is dull without mistakes, does it follow
that life would be exciting or interesting with them?
9. "In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting
what one wants, and the other is getting it."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Most of us have experienced not getting what we want. Such
is life. We cannot have
it our way all the time; we have to adapt to the people
around us and to the society we live in. But is this necessarily
tragic? Why? Is it tragic because we have let
go of our desires, or because we have to put
up with the fact that this is how life is?
- The second "tragedy", according to Wilde, occurs
when one actually gets what one wants. Suppose you really want
something, perhaps an expensive piece of clothing. Yet, when
you finally get it, you are disappointed. It was not as exhilarating
as you thought it would be. Why do you think this was so? Perhaps
we enjoy something more if we have to wait a long time for it,
or if we have to work hard for it?
- Is it possible to eliminate both of these so-called "tragedies"
from our lives? How?
10. "Never speak disrespectfully of Society. Only people who can't
get into it do that."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Read the following statements and try to determine whether
some of them "speak disrespectfully of Society":
– Those who succeed in society are invariably
vulgar and dishonest people.
– Society means violence.
– Whenever a person experiences suffering, society is
to blame.
– Society is a device for making the rich richer and the
poor poorer.
– Those who adapt to the rules of society are fools.
– Greek society 2500 years ago was a corrupt society based
on slavery and a strict hierarchy.
– The rulers of any given society are people who find
a sick pleasure in tormenting and oppressing ordinary people.
Is it possible to say something about a society without mentioning
its members, i.e. the people who live in that society?
- Why does Wilde claim that only people who can't get into society,
speak disrespectfully of it? What does it mean to "get
into" a society? And precisely what "society"
do you think he is talking about: a society of freemasons, or
of politicians, or poets and musicians, or university professors,
or the poor and oppressed, English society at
large, European society, the society of mankind?
- People who are on the "outside" of society usually
want to "get into it". Now, Oscar Wilde was very much
an outsider. But can you really imagine that he wanted to "get
inside", i.e. that he wished to become a respected member
of the society of his day? If not, then why does he warn us
never to speak disrespectfully of society? Could it be because
those who do so, reveal
that they have a desire to get inside; whereas those who do
not speak disrespectfully, indirectly indicate that they have
no such wish?
11. "My experience is that as soon as people are old enough to
know better, they don't know anything at all."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- When are people old enough to "know better"? Better
than what or whom? Imagine that you did something stupid, and
someone said to you: "For goodness sake! You know better
than that!" What does this person actually mean? That he/she
expected you to know that what you did was stupid? That despite
knowing that what you did was stupid, you still did it? Or can
you think of other possible meanings?
- Yet again, Wilde takes us by surprise by saying that the older
we get the less we actually know! In other words: when we reach
a certain age we should know better, yet we do not.
Instead, we know even less than we did before. How
come? Do we lose knowledge as we grow older? Or is it the other
way round? What kind of knowledge do we have as children that
we, according to Wilde's experience, seem to lose when we become
adults (i.e. "old enough")?
12. "To speak frankly, I am not in favour of long engagements.
They give people the opportunity of finding out each other's character
before marriage, which I think is never advisable."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Wilde says that it is "never advisable" to know
everything about the person you want to marry before
you actually marry him/her. What do you think he meant by this?
Did he mean that if we did know everything about that person,
we might find out that we didn't want to marry him/her after
all? Or did he perhaps mean that if you did know everything,
your marriage would be boring, because there would be nothing
more to discover about that person?
- Do you think it is important to know everything about
someone before you marry him/her? If yes, then at what point
can you be sure that you know all there is to know about your
girlfriend/boyfriend?
- In Victorian times it was much more usual to marry for other
reasons than simply love: social class, financial status, religious
beliefs all played an important role in deciding which partner
you could choose. Is this the case today?
- Marriage was one of the most important social institutions
in Victorian society. If you chose to live together with someone
without getting married, you would be considered a social
outcast. Is this the case in modern society?
- What do you think are the most important reasons for marrying
someone? Are there any good reasons at all? Is there any difference
between marriage and co-habiting?
Do you see yourself getting married when you become an adult?
13. "God's great earth is better than we think."
Suggested topics for philosophical discussion
- Another ironic statement from Wilde. If it is true that God's
earth is "great" (i.e. wonderful, magnificent, splendid
etc.), then why do we so seldomly praise it? Why do we complain
so much? Why are we not more satisfied with our lives? Is it
possible that the world is a great place, and yet at the same
time full of misery and suffering? Do you think it is great
to be alive, despite all the sadness and pain that life can
bring?
- In an indirect way, Wilde seems to be suggesting that there
is a difference between what people say and what they
actually mean. What is more important: to say
what you mean, or to mean what you say?
Is it possible, or even desirable, to always say what
you mean? Is it possible to mean everything
that you say?
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